托福真經月報-2023年1月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2023年1月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：

One of the most intriguing styles of early medieval architecture are the Irish round towers. At one time over a hundred of these needle-like towers were spread around Ireland, although today only a few dozen remain. Scholars have offered a few different theories about the purpose of these towers.

First, the Irish round towers may have been used as bell towers. A bell at the top would ring each hour so that people would know what time it was. The principle evidence for this comes from the word for the towers in Irish, which can be translated into English as “bell tower.” Put simply, it does not make sense for the towers to be called this unless the name reflects their function. Furthermore, many other parts of Europe also saw the construction of bell towers during this period.

Another possibility is that the round towers served as shelters during raids by attackers. During the period in which the towers were built, Irish villages were vulnerable to attacks by bandits and Viking raiders. The towers all feature one doorway that is located several meters above ground level. According to this theory, when a nearby village was attacked by bandits, villagers would climb a ladder into the tower and then pull the ladder up behind them. This way, they would be safe from danger.

Finally, the structures may have been used as watchtowers. The round towers are tall and narrow, perfect for looking out and seeing dangers such as approaching bandits or perhaps even wolves. Once danger was spotted, the sentry in the tower would raise the alarm. With advance warning, people living near the tower would be able to prepare by hiding, finding weapons or running away.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：

While each one of the theories about the purpose of the Irish round towers is interesting, none of them seem particularly convincing upon closer inspection. In fact, there is still a lot of mystery about the reason for their construction.

First, regarding the name of the towers in Irish, it is indeed the case that the word can be translated as “bell tower.” However, the same word could also translate to English as “stone tower.” It is conceivable that the word originally had this broader meaning and only came to mean “bell tower” later on. If that is the case, then the name can hardly be taken as convincing evidence that the structures were built to be bell towers.

Second, the towers are much too small to have provided adequate shelter for an entire village. It is estimated that the towers could contain at most eighty people, but most villages would have at least double that number. Even if the tower were packed with people, many would still be vulnerable to attack. The fact that the entryway to the towers can be explained from an architectural perspective. Having a door at the base of a tower makes the foundation weaker and would prevent the tower from being as tall as when the door is located higher up.

Third, the claim that the Irish round towers might have been used as watchtowers also does not stand up to scrutiny. For one thing, many of the towers are located between tall hills that obstruct the view. If they were meant to be watchtowers, surely they would have been built on top of the hills, not beside them. Furthermore, the windows at the top of the tower are quite small, suggesting that the architects responsible for the towers did not consider the view from the top to be a high priority.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage. （2023年1月 真題）

👩‍🦱整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 282字)

The reading passage examines the intent behind the construction of Irish round towers. It suggests that they may have been used as bell towers, shelters during war and watchtowers. However, the lecturer finds fault with each of these claims.

First, the reading passage states that the Irish round towers could have served as bell towers to inform people of time. The Irish word for the tower is translated as “bell tower” in English, thus confirming this. In response, The lecturer contends that the same word can be interpreted as “stone tower” and its definition has evolved over time. Consequently, the name can not be used as evidence here.

Second, the article claims the round towers might have acted as refuge for Irish communities who were besieged by raiders and Vikings. The doorway was ingeniously designed for protection as it requires the use of a ladder to gain entry into the tower, which could then be put away afterwards. However, the lecturer argues that the tower was too small to save everyone, and the entrance was constructed to reinforce the base, not for defensive purposes.

Finally, the author suggests that the round towers were perfect to detect any potential danger nearby, thus allowing the locals to make the necessary preparations to flee, arm themselves or hide. The lecturer nonetheless emphasizes that the towers were situated between high hills, thus preventing a clear view. The windows at the top of the tower were too small to get a good view as well.

To conclude, the evidence presented in this essay shows that both perspectives of the argument are contradictory. Although the reading passage makes a convincing case, the lecturer’s arguments effectively refute its claims.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 281字)

The reading passage explores three different theories about the purpose of the Irish round towers: as bell towers, shelters during raids, or watchtowers. The passage provides evidence for each theory, but the lecture disagrees with the three theories about the purpose of the Irish round towers.

Firstly, while the reading passage claims that the Irish name for the towers indicates their use as bell towers, the lecture points out that the word could also be translated as “stone tower.” This being the case, the name of the towers in Irish might not relate to their function at all, and so this cannot be taken as evidence for their being used as bell towers.

Second, the lecture notes that the towers were too small to provide adequate shelter for an entire village, which counters the theory that they were used as shelters during bandit raids. Furthermore, the professor suggests that the location of the door several meters above ground level was for architectural reasons, not for safety purposes. Thus, it is unlikely the towers were used as shelters.

Lastly, while the reading claims that the towers may have been used as watchtowers, the lecture points out that the towers’ location and size make it unlikely. The towers are situated between hills, which would not be the ideal location for watchtowers since they rely on having a high and broad view. Moreover, the windows at the top of the towers were small, providing a suboptimal view of the surrounding area.

While the reading provides evidence for each theory, the lecture demonstrates that there are weaknesses in each argument. Overall, the lecture concludes that the purpose of the Irish round towers remains a mystery.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2023年1月真題)

問題：

問題: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students can learn just as much by watching films as they can by reading books.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (2023年1月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 374字)

The conventional way of learning typically consists of reading literature, taking notes, writing assignments and taking assessments. Watching movies as an educational tool has become increasingly popular in recent years. Whereas others favor the traditional way of gaining knowledge through reading texts, I think movies can be just as educational as books when it comes to teaching students.

First, films can be used to teach history by providing vivid and realistic depictions of events or specific time periods. Movies can show students what it was like to live during a certain time period, what people looked like, and even how they spoke. For instance, The film Saving Private Ryan gives a vivid portrayal of the brutality of war by showing the struggles of American soldiers during World War II. However, If students learn by reading a book, they can only rely on their imagination to understand the history.

Second, films can be employed to teach science by showing engaging visual illustrations of scientific concepts. They also allow students to see the real-world applications of scientific knowledge. For example, students can explore the inner workings of the human body or the chemistry of how a drug works. In this way, watching films can be a much more engaging experience than simply reading from a textbook.

Lastly, Movies can also be utilized to educate about literature. Many classic works of literature have been adapted into films. By watching how visual language is used to tell the story, students can understand the themes and ideas in the book more deeply. For example, when watching the movie adaptation of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, students can appreciate the fantastical world of Hogwarts more fully than by simply reading the novel. They can also learn about the director’s interpretation of the story and compare it to their own impression of the book.

In conclusion, watching films can be just as effective as reading books when it comes to learning. Films can provide a unique and engaging experience that can be just as informative and powerful as reading a book. They can be used to teach history, science, literature, and more. Therefore, I am convinced that watching movies can match the educational value of reading books.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 400字)

Whenever a new technology develops, it is natural for people to wonder if it is equal, or superior to, other similar technologies. One question that has arisen in recent decades is whether students can learn as much from movies as they can from books. Though there are merits on both sides of the argument, I believe that books are still the better educational tool because they cover a wider range of content, they allow students to read at their own pace, and their primary intention is not entertainment.

First, books cover a much broader scope of content than films. Movies rely on action and plot, which, admittedly, does permit them to recreate some novels in an engaging and attractive way. However, many books contain content that cannot be easily made into film. For instance, philosophical treatises and poetry anthologies do not feature sequential plotlines and cannot be presented in a movie. For this reason, students can learn more from books than movies.

Second, when students read books they go at a pace which is comfortable for them. Movies, in contrast, always play at a consistent speed, regardless of the viewer’s comprehension. To give an example from my own experience, when I read books I frequently find myself pausing to think about a paragraph, sometimes even rereading it if I did not fully grasp its meaning the first time. This is impossible when watching a movie, which just keeps playing on. So, being able to read at their own pace permits students to engage with content more deeply than if they were watching a film.

Finally, the primary intention of filmmakers is to entertain, not to inform, even when creating documentaries and educational films. Authors of books, on the other hand, are more concerned with providing information than making their audience happy. For example, historical movies typically focus on violent events such as wars in order to attract a large audience. While there are books on these events, there are also countless texts covering other historical topics. Since books are not focused on entertainment, students can learn more from them than movies.

In conclusion, books are still the superior tool for education when compared with films. They feature a wider content range and they allow students to learn at their own pace. In contrast, films are by their nature designed to entertain, preventing them from being as useful to student learning.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Old people should not participate in the same adventurous activities that young people do. Explain your reasons, using specific details in your explanation. (2023年1月真題）

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I agree that old people should not engage in the same adventure activities that young people do, for the following two reasons. First, their feeble bodies inhibit them from being able to take part in a lot of these activities. For example, most old people need a consistent sleep schedule and a comfy bed. So, if they try to go camping, they will experience great discomfort and maybe even physical harm. Second, many old people lack the support network to take care of them in the event of an emergency. For instance, if an old person hurt themselves while mountain biking, they might not have the friends and relatives who could nurse them back to good health.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2023年1月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

Let Freshmen Live off Campus
Our university should allow first year students to live off campus, rather than requiring them to live in school dormitories. For one thing, this will give students the opportunity to learn about independent living, for example how to buy groceries and cook for themselves. These life skills will be invaluable when students graduate and enter society. In addition, taking away the requirement for first year students to live on campus would remove the need for the university to build a new dorm on campus. Instead, that space could be used for academic purposes, such as a new classroom building. Sincerely,
Edward Benson

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a conversation between two students.
A: So I just read Edward’s letter.
B: Oh, the one about allowing first year students to live off campus?
A: Yeah. I don’t think it’s a great idea though.
B: Why not?
A: Well, first of all, living in a dorm helps first year students establish a social circle. Many new students feel isolated when they first arrive, so having them live together encourages them to meet people and make friends.
B: I can see that.
A: Plus, since they’re all going through the same adjustments, first year students can help each other adapt to their new learning environment. For example, when I was a freshman in the dorm, my next door neighbor helped teach me about the bus schedule.
B: Gotcha. What about the other part of the letter, about not having to build a new dorm?
A: I’m not sure that’s right. Big construction projects like a new dorm take years of planning and investment. The university can’t just suddenly decide not to build it when the process has already been going on for years.
B: That’s a good point.
A: Besides, the way classroom buildings and dormitories are built are very different. I’m not sure they could just take the space that would have been a dorm and use it for classrooms instead. It’s not that simple.
B: Gotcha.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The man expresses his opinion of the student’s proposal in the letter. State the man’s opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. （2023年1月真題）

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

Edward’s letter suggests that the university should allow first year students to live off campus, rather than in a freshman dorm. The student in the listening passage disagrees with this for the following two reasons. First, living in a dorm helps first year students establish a social circle. It’s a big transition for students first joining college and having friends new helps them adapt. For example, his neighbor helped him to learn about the bus schedule when he was a first year. Second, the student in the listening doesn’t believe that the university can simply stop building the new dormitory that’s planned on campus. New building projects like this take years of planning and investment and it’s not as simple as just repurposing the land for classrooms instead. These are the reasons that he opposes the idea of letting students live off campus.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

False Signaling
Many animals rely on a technique called signaling to attract a mate and reproduce. Signals are typically meant to indicate that an animal is healthy and would make a good mate. They might include certain actions, making certain noises, or giving off certain smells. However, some predators purposefully give off signals that are meant to trick their prey and make them easier to capture. The prey, thinking they have found a suitable mate, will unwittingly approach their predators. Biologists call this phenomenon false signaling.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

So, false signaling is particularly common among insects and spiders. One good example is the bolas spider of South America. These spiders mainly prey on moths and use false signaling to catch them more easily.

Like most insects, moths use signaling to communicate. Their bodies release scented chemicals and this helps them identify each other. In fact, moths use different chemical signals for different stages of life. When a female moth is ready to mate, the smell is different from other times. Male moths will be attracted to the smell and will fly toward it..

Unfortunately for those male moths, the bolas spider has evolved the ability to imitate the smell of a mating female. The spider can emit the same chemical signals as a female moth to lure males toward them. Then, when the moths are close enough, the spiders can easily catch them and eat them. For the bolas spider, this is much more efficient than the usual tactic of other spiders, where they simply wait for an unlucky insect to fly into their web by chance. By tricking male moths into approaching them, the bolas spiders can eat well without expending lots of energy.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Explain how the example discussed by the professor illustrates false signaling.（2023年1月真題）

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of false signaling. It says that some predators will send fake messages to their prey in order to trick them and make them easier to capture and eat. The professor in the lecture gives an excellent example. The example is the bolas spider in South America which preys on moths. When it’s time to mate the female moth will give out a smelly chemical that will attract males towards her. The bolas spider has evolved to imitate this smell and so it releases a chemical that brings male moths toward it, making them very easy to catch capture and eat for the spider. The way that the bolas spider tricks the males into coming towards it by imitating the signal of the female is an excellent example of false signaling.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in a psychology class

Today we’ll be talking about a theory that says there are two kinds of thinking. Psychologists call the two types “system 1 thinking” and “system 2 thinking.” Both systems are essential in our everyday lives, but serve very different functions. Let’s talk about system 1 thinking first.

System 1 thinking has two key characteristics: it’s fast and automatic. In fact, most of the time we might not even realize that it counts as thinking, because we don’t even notice that it is happening. For example, the other day I was eating breakfast with my four-year-old daughter. She was reaching for something when her arm knocked against a cup on the table. Juice almost spilled everywhere, but my hand automatically shot forward and grabbed the cup before any juice got out. I didn’t have time to consider different options for what to do; I just acted immediately. That sort of instant thinking is typical of system 1 thinking.

On the other hand, system 2 thinking is just the opposite. It’s more gradual and requires concentration. This might be used for important decisions, but it doesn’t have to be. For instance, a couple weeks ago a friend of mine asked when I could join her for dinner. When I checked my calendar, I found myself not only looking for a day when I would be available, but also thinking about other factors, such as when I would be tired from work or whether I could find a babysitter for my daughter. I spent a long time carefully considering the different options before settling on a time. This sort of slow, logical thought process is just what we mean when we talk about system 2 thinking.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Explain how the example discussed by the professor illustrates false signaling.
(2023年1月 真題)

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The professor in the lecture discusses two kinds of thinking that people do, which she calls system 1 and system 2. First, she says that system 1 refers to fast, automatic thinking. For example, when she was having breakfast with her daughter, her daughter’s arm hit a cup and almost spilled juice everywhere, but the professor’s hand automatically went forward and caught the cup in time to prevent the spill. She didn’t have time to think about the action. She just did it. Second, system 2 refers to gradual thinking that requires concentration. For instance, the professor’s friend asked her if she wanted to have dinner and what day would be best. The professor not only considered her own availability, but also whether she would be tired or could find a babysitter on that day. These are the two examples discussed in the lecture.