托福真經月報-2022年10月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2022年10月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：
Recently, a prominent nonprofit corporation announced the invention of a new ocean cleanup device. The device looks like a large bucket that floats on the surface of the water, trapping plastic inside. This represents a significant step forward in the fight against ocean plastic pollution.

First, the new device is inexpensive, only costing three hundred dollars each. Because it captures plastic that is carried to it by ocean currents, there is no need for it to consume any fuel for electricity. Furthermore, it requires little maintenance beyond being emptied by a plastic collection crew. This device’s low cost will make it a great asset in combating pollution at sea.

Second, the new device is stationary and does not involve a large net. Prior to this innovation, most ocean plastic capture projects involved pulling a net behind a boat. These nets often capture fish along with waste, harming the very ecosystem that they are employed to protect. With the new invention, however, there is no large net, and the device is stationary. This means that fish can easily avoid or escape from it. Oceanic conservationists will be glad to know that there is now a method to remove plastic that does not simultaneously remove fish.

Finally, not only does this device remove garbage from the ocean, but the plastic that it collects can be recycled. Recycled plastics can be used to manufacture all sorts of things, from T-shirts to flower pots to dog houses, thereby reducing the demand for fossil fuels to create new plastic. Furthermore, the sale of goods made from recycled plastics can further offset the cost of the device, making this new pollution removal device even more economical.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：

Unfortunately, the new ocean cleanup device isn’t as great as the reading passage makes it out to be.

First of all, the claim that the new device is cost-effective doesn’t hold up. The initial price of each individual device is three hundred dollars, which is indeed inexpensive, but the fact is that removing all of the pollution from an area, such as a bay, requires hundreds of these devices. Furthermore, in areas that need cleaning most, these devices will need to be emptied frequently. They will require a team of boats and personnel just to remove the trash from the devices, raising costs significantly.

Second, while the device doesn’t catch fish in a large net, this does not mean that it won’t harm ocean wildlife. Plankton, tiny organisms that live in the water, will be captured in the device. Unlike fish, which can swim away from the stationary devices, plankton are not large or strong enough to resist the ocean’s currents and will be carried into the device’s opening. Because plankton are a vital food source for many sea creatures, a decline in plankton population will harm oceanic ecology as a whole.

And finally, though it sounds great to talk about recycling ocean plastics, the process is much more complicated and expensive than the reading suggests. Much of the ocean plastic will be unusable. The salts and minerals in ocean water react with plastic, changing its chemical makeup and, in some cases, causing it to decay. Depending on the type of plastic and how long it has been in the water, much of it simply cannot be recycled at all. Determining which can be used and which cannot is a slow, labor-intensive process, making the prospect of recycling ocean plastic less enticing.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

問題:Summarize the points made in the lecture, and make sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.(2022年10月真題)

👩‍🦱整合寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 312字)

The reading passage describes the benefits of a new ocean cleanup device. It claims that the device is inexpensive, does not harm fish, and allows for more plastic to be recycled. However, in the listening passage, the professor finds fault with each of these claims.

First, the reading passage states that the devices are inexpensive at three hundred dollars each. However, the professor observes that the number of devices needed to clean a bay is considerable. Furthermore, she points out that in places that most need cleaning, the devices will fill up quickly, so teams of boats and workers must be hired to empty them. Thus, the device is not as cost-effective as purported.

Second, the article claims that because the device is stationary and does not involve the use of a net, fish can easily avoid being captured. The lecturer notes that the same cannot be said for plankton which are carried along helplessly by ocean currents. As an important food source for many sea creatures, their removal will damage ocean ecology. By this logic, the professor refutes the idea that the devices do not harm ocean life.

Finally, the reading passage contends that plastic collected by the devices can be recycled and turned into products to sell. However, the professor in the listening passage argues that chemicals in ocean water react with plastics, making many of them unrecyclable. The cost of sorting through which ocean waste can be recycled and which cannot will negate any profits. Thus, the lecturer shows that recycling collected plastic is not a practical way to offset costs.

Though the reading passage seems convincing initially, the professor argues that the new ocean cleanup device will be expensive, it will harm ocean life, and recycling the plastic gathered will not be practical. Therefore, it will not be the godsend the reading passage makes it out to be.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數: 303字)

The reading passage discusses a device that prevents ocean pollution. It touts the positive benefits of the device and explores how its low cost could spell a new era in ocean cleanup. Although the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubt on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage claims that the cost of the device is low. According to the lecturer, this is not true because a large number of the devices needs to be deployed to clean a body of water. Additionally, the device needs to be emptied frequently, requiring the employment of boats and staff. These combined costs make the device less cost-effective than alternatives.

Second, the reading passage indicates that the device is more humane for sea creatures because it causes less harm. Unlike other devices that use nets, this device sits passively and allows fish to swim around it, remaining unharmed. This thought is not true according to the lecturer because the device removes plankton, which are a critical food source for sea life. By reducing the amount of plankton in the environment, this device is a detriment to the ecosystem.

Finally, the reading passage suggests that the device is cost-effective because the plastic gathered can be recycled into products which can then be sold. The lecturer acknowledges that some ocean plastics are recyclable, but they are not entirely recyclable. Chemicals in ocean water react with plastics and sorting the collected waste will be a slow and expensive process. This fact suggests the device is not as economical as claimed in the reading passage.

Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a discrepancy between the accounts of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2022年10月真題)

問題：

問題: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Scientists, governments, and businesses have a responsibility to share their research discoveries with the public. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (2022年10月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 405字)

Governments and businesses invest massive sums of money in research and development. They do this to better the lives of their citizens, provide better services to their customers, or to gain an advantage over their competitors. Though some may argue that they have a duty to share their discoveries and innovations with the public, I believe that they do not.

First, governments have an obligation to keep military technologies out of the hands of bad actors. For instance, during the Second World War, Britain developed radar, allowing their armed forces to detect German warplanes from great distances. Fearing the possibility of Nazi Germany obtaining the technology, the British kept the technology a secret. Had Germany obtained radar, it would have prolonged the war and the genocide in Europe. Preventing military innovations from falling into the wrong hands is critical for governments to reduce bloodshed.

Second, if businesses made all their research public, it would disincentivize innovation and the public would have access to fewer technological advancements. For example, large pharmaceutical companies spend massive amounts of money on developing new medicines. If they shared all their research results with the public, competitors could easily replicate their new drugs without spending a dime on research. In such a situation, pharmaceutical companies would no longer be willing to spend such a large portion of their budget on research, and fewer new drugs would be developed. Thus, keeping research results secret brings beneficial innovations to the public.

Finally, the suppressed innovation that accompanies publicizing research results would slow economic growth. For instance, corporations allocate a portion of their budgets for marketing research, resulting in an increase in demand for the company’s product that helps support a robust consumer economy, creating more jobs and raising GDP. However, if the research findings were made public, the corporation would have no incentive to carry out the research in the first place, and the economy would not receive this boost in consumption. Therefore, companies should be allowed to keep their innovations private to benefit the overall economy.

Although there are some arguments in favor of the idea that governments and businesses should share their research discoveries with the public, I believe that they do not have such an obligation. Keeping innovations to themselves allows governments to keep military technologies out of the wrong hands. It encourages innovation, which both delivers more advanced technologies to the hands of the public and boosts economic growth.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數: 401字)

From the discovery of fire to the invention of computers, behind many modern discoveries are eager scientists, governments, and businesses that aim to improve the lives of others. Some believe that these entities have a responsibility to share their discoveries with the general public, while others claim that they do not. I believe that these entities have a responsibility to publicly disclose such discoveries.

First, governments and many scientists are funded by public money and are responsible for improving life and society for the public. By keeping their discoveries private, they withhold information that the public deserves to know because they funded the discoveries. For example, the internet was originally developed by the United States military. Had it been kept private, the world would not be as connected or advanced as it is today. Because the government publicly released the invention, it has improved the quality of life for many societies around the world.

Second, public knowledge about research helps lead to more life changing discoveries. In the case of medicine, scientists have created vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and treat diseases. By publicly disclosing information about how a vaccine that targets one disease works, scientists enable more vaccines for other diseases to be created by governments, scientists, and businesses. The result is that fewer individuals get sick and die of now- preventable illnesses, a significant improvement in quality of life for society. Guarding knowledge about this discovery would be a disservice to society since new vaccines and medicine would be produced at a much slower rate.

Finally, there is not a strong reason to keep discoveries secret because publicly disclosing discoveries comes with financial incentives in the form of patent protection. With patents, individuals and businesses can exclusively profit from their discoveries by sharing details about it with the public. This can be seen as the cost society pays to have the details of the invention publicly available. If individuals and businesses keep their discoveries secret and someone else separately makes the same discovery, they have no such protection. Therefore, it is beneficial to both society and to the researchers to share their discoveries.

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that scientists, governments, and businesses are responsible for sharing their discoveries with the public. That is not to say other opinions are completely out of merit. However, I believe my reasoning has substantiated my point of view.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題:Some teachers have an informal style and treat their students almost like friends. Other teachers have a more formal style and keep a professional distance from students. Which teaching style do you think is better for learning? Explain why, using details and examples. (2022年10月真題)

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I believe it’s better for teachers to have a relaxed, informal relationship with their students, for the following two reasons. First, having a more friendly classroom environment will mean that students are more willing to ask questions when they’re confused. I once had a professor who was so strict and stern that students didn’t want to talk to him anymore than they had to, so they didn’t ask questions and didn’t learn as well. Second, it allows for teachers and students to spend time together outside class, for example at a coffee shop. They might discuss things related to class or other things. Either way, students can gain knowledge and insight from the teacher. These are the two reasons I think that an informal, friendly style is better for teachers.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2022年10月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

Lecture Notes for Students
I believe that professors should provide their lecture notes to students before each class. This way, students will be able to concentrate completely on the content of each lecture, rather than distracting themselves by trying to write down every detail the professor says. Furthermore, having the lecture notes will be helpful to students who are absent on a given day. If a student misses a class, they might not have complete notes and may not be able to fully prepare for a test. On the other hand, having the lecture notes would mean that no student would miss any important information. Sincerely,
Simon Reynolds

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a conversation between two students.
A: So I just finished reading Simon’s letter.
B: Oh yeah? What did you think?
A: To be honest, I don’t think it’s a great idea. For one thing, he says that having the lecture notes early would allow students to focus on the material more, but I think it’s just the opposite.
B: Why do you say that?
A: When I take notes, I have to listen attentively to what the professor is saying. But if I had notes already, I would think that I could relax a little, maybe check my phone… Anyway, I think I would engage with the class less, not more.
B: I see your point. But don’t you think that the lecture notes would be useful when students are absent?
A: Well, it might seem nice, but there is already a system in place to deal with that issue. When you miss a class, you should go see the professor during their office hours.
B: That’s true.
A: And actually, office hours are better than lecture notes when it comes to preparing for exams. Interacting with a professor lets you ask questions and clear up anything you’re unsure about.
B: That’s a fair point.
A: Plus, the professor can directly tell you which content is most important and which things are just extra details. One time during office hours, a professor actually just told me that some content wouldn’t be on the exam!

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題:The woman expresses her opinion of the idea expressed in the letter. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. (2022年10月真題)

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

Simon’s letter proposes that professors should provide lecture notes to the students before each class. The student in the listening disagrees for the following two reasons. First, she states that taking notes helps her concentrate during class. She says that if she had the notes beforehand she wouldn’t take it as seriously and she would check her phone and not stay as focused. Second, she points out that there is already a system in place for absent students to make up what they missed: office hours. She says that, in fact, office hours are better than getting lecture notes because you can interact with the professor and get more insight. Furthermore, some professors have even told her which content will be on an exam and which will not. So, these are the two reasons that she disagrees with Simon’s proposal.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

Animal Dormancy
Dormancy is a process that many animals use to survive in inhospitable conditions. Though often thought of as a deep sleep, dormancy involves more than just sleeping. Animals in dormancy have a lower heart rate, a lower breathing rate, and reduced metabolism. Mammals that enter dormancy also see a decrease in body temperature. Instead of eating, animals in this state produce energy by slowly consuming fat and nutrients stored within the body itself. Dormancy allows animals to live in harsh conditions, such as when seasonal changes result in a decline in food or water resources or when temperatures become too hot or cold to survive in.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

When most people think about animal dormancy, they think of mammals such as bears or mice, but in fact, there are many species that go dormant and are not mammals. One particularly interesting case is the lungfish. There are a handful of varieties of this fish that live in South America, Africa and Australia. For today, we’ll focus on the kind in Africa.

The West African lungfish lives in shallow lakes, but during the dry season, there is almost no rain at all, so the lakes that these lungfish live in dry up. In order to survive, they go into dormancy. First, they dig a hole in the mud, creating a burrow, a safe place to hide. Then they cover themselves in mucus, a slimy, sticky substance. This covering helps hold in moisture once the mud dries and becomes dry dirt.

Like all dormant animals, the West African lungfish’s heart rate and metabolism decrease dramatically. It does not eat, but unlike mammals such as bears, the lungfish does not burn fat that it has stored up ahead of time. Instead, it breaks down muscles in its tail for energy. Amazingly, the lungfish can survive in a state of dormancy for two years without food or water. More often, when the wet season begins after a few months, rain refills the lakes and the lungfish emerges from its burrow.

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題:Using points and examples from the lecture, please describe what is magnetoreception.(2022年10月真題)

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of animal dormancy. This is when animals go into a state similar to sleep, but they also reduce their heart rate, their breathing rate, and their metabolism. They do this to live in inhospitable conditions. The professor provides the example of the West African lungfish, which lives in shallow lakes. During the dry season, these lakes dry up. In order to survive, the lungfish burrows down into the mud and covers itself in mucus. It lowers its metabolism and very slowly consumes muscles in order to provide energy to its body. It can live like this for up to two years. Once the rains come with the wet season, the lake is restored and the lungfish is able to live its normal life again. So, this is the example the professor provides for animal dormancy.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in a civil engineering class
Yesterday, one of the park designs we talked about was linear parks, which are parks that are very thin and long, often running alongside a river, former railway, or wall. While there are some downsides to linear parks, today we’ll focus on two key advantages: efficient land use and the linking of communities.

First, linear parks tend to use land very efficiently. They don’t take up huge fields or forests, instead occupying only a narrow strip of land. For example, the Mass Central Rail Trail is a series of linear parks using a former railroad. After the railroad fell out of use, the land was purchased by organizations and individuals hoping to convert it into trails. The rails have now been removed, leaving a level, straight path. In total, the Mass Central Rail Trail is now over fifty miles long, and the owners intend to make it longer. Many people bike or run along the trail, but others just enjoy spending some time in a green space with trees and grass. And all this is done without taking up lots of land that might have been used for other purposes, such as agriculture or construction.

Another advantage of linear parks is that they can provide a link between communities. To use another example from Massachusetts, the Emerald Necklace is a collection of parks that string together. On a map they look like a necklace, hence the name. Anyway, these linear parks connect Boston and the town of Brookline. Residents from both cities can participate in events held in the Emerald Necklace. For instance, every winter the parks are decorated with lights on trees and bridges, creating a magical atmosphere that residents of both communities can enjoy together. Linear parks make this sort of connection between cities possible.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

問題: Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two advantages of linear parks.
(2022年10月 真題)

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The professor in the lecture discusses two advantages of linear parks, which are long narrow parks. First, linear parks are an efficient use of land. For example, the Mass Central Rail Trail is a linear park in Massachusetts that used to be a railroad. The rails have been removed and now it’s a level, straight path for runners and bikers. This doesn’t use a lot of land that might have been useful in some other way, like in agriculture. The second advantage that the professor gives is that linear parks can link communities together. For instance, the Emerald Necklace can unite the communities of Brookline and Boston. In winter, they have an exhibit in which they decorate the park with lights. Residents from both Brookline and Boston can come out and enjoy the lights in this linear park. These are the two advantages discussed by the professor.