托福真經月報-2022年07月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2022年07月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：
There has been heated discussion around the news of a sailor who died of lead intoxication, which some people believe came from the canned food he had been consuming on the cruise. However, the accident might have not have stemmed from canned food consumption. They point out that even if the canned food contained the toxic metal lead, the level is strictly monitored during production.Considering the shelf life of the canned food is fairly short, it is unlikely that there was any contaminant formed in the can after being manufactured. Second, other crew members had this same kind of canned food during that period. If it was a food poisoning case, more similar cases should have been reported. Lastly, considering there was a water purification system installed on the ship, the drinking water should be filtered and safe enough to protect the crew from toxic metals in their food. Overall, to conclude that canned food was the reason for the sailor’s death is far-fetched.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：
There are actually a lot of reasons why many still consider the canned food to be the cause of the sailor’s death. To begin with, the short shelf life of the canned food does not provide any proof of its safe levels of lead.There are plenty of examples of foods being contaminated in the cans after being packaged. The packaged foods can become unsafe from the shipping and storage process simply because they are often shipped to multiple warehouses and locations before finally being served at the dining table. Second, neither the sailor was poisoned nor the other sailors got a physical examination to check the levels of lead in their bodies. It could be a food poisoning case where the deceased sailor had more lead accumulated in his body than the others, hence his death. Lastly, the seawater filtered by the purifier is not anywhere close to safe for human consumption since there are harmful chemicals in the seawater that could not be filtered out by a simple purifying system. Therefore, it is too quick to conclude that the sailor’s death does not have any correlation to the food served on the cuise.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, and make sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.(2022年07月真題)

👩‍🦱整合寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:320字)

The reading passage points out the possible cause of the sailor’s death might not have been food poisoning as most indicate. On the other hand, the lecturer questions the argument by pointing out several holes in this viewpoint, which I will discuss as follows.

Even though the reading passage considers the chances are low that toxic substances formed after the cans have been shipped from the manufacturing plants, the lecturer argues that the short shelf life does not guarantee the safety of the product. In order to establish a concrete statement, he points out numerous cases of food contamination that occurred after production. Therefore, the lecturer’s argument disapproves of its counterpart in the reading.

Second, the statement held by the writer claims that as other shipmates shared the same meals, more people should have become ill if food poisoning had been the underlying cause. Conversely, the speaker refutes the idea by providing a solid reason that no test was undertaken to determine the level of lead in any of the sailors. The fact that the others on the same ship did not suffer from the same symptoms does not necessarily mean that no food contamination took place. The deceased sailor might have had in his system a cumulatively higher level of toxin, which led to his death.

Last but not least, the lecturer acutely identifies the weakness in the reading that purifying the water was far from enough to ensure food safety on board. He convincingly points out that many chemicals harmful to the human body cannot be filtered out this way. As a result, he believes that to conclude the death of the sailor is definitely not connected to the food is premature.

In conclusion, based on the evidence provided above, it can be clearly seen that stances on both sides are paradoxical. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them by solid reasons.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:307字)

The reading passage discusses the news of a sailor dying from lead poisoning because he consumed canned food. It takes the angle that he likely died from other causes. Although the statement of the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage argues that the amount of lead in canned foods is strictly monitored during production, so this could not have caused harm to the sailor, especially because the short shelf life would have prevented contaminants from forming. The lecturer, however, claims that the shelf life is not proof of safe levels of lead. Because packaged goods such as cans need to be stored and transported, the can could be exposed to contaminants after the manufacturing process.

Second, the reading passage claims that other crew members did not become sick after eating the same type of canned food, so food poisoning was not the cause of death. However, the lecturer suggests that the sailors could all be accumulating lead in their bodies without knowing and that the sailor in question passed away because he had a greater lead buildup than the others. None of the sailors have been examined to check the levels of lead in their bodies.

Finally, the reading passage suggests that the water purification system installed on the ship protected the crew from contaminants. The lecturer states that the purification system was relatively simple and could not effectively filter out the vast amounts of chemicals present in seawater, so it is premature to claim the sailor’s death was not related to canned food.

Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a discrepancy between the accounts of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2022年05月真題)

問題：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Scientists should be responsible for the negative effects of their discoveries. (2022年07月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:416字)

When it comes to whether scientists should answer for the consequences of their findings, opinions can vary considerably from individual to individual. Some argue that academics should be held responsible for all the evil that stems from their work, while others believe that it is up to the rest of humanity to use it for good or for bad. While both sides seem convincing and plausible, my personal experiences have led me to conclude that the latter is true.

First, the scholars who make the breakthroughs cannot always predict the potential effects their research will produce. Sometimes it takes a while for people to figure out the implications and applications of a big discovery. Take nuclear reactions as an example. Everyone is aware of the destructive power of nuclear weapons, but it would be extremely unfair to blame the devastation of Nagasaki and Hiroshima on the physicists who first noticed this phenomenon, and made the creation of such a deadly device possible

Second, scientists cannot always foresee how their discoveries will be applied. A scientific discovery does not in itself determine how it is to be used. For instance, morphine is a wonderful medication which alleviates pain, rendering the lives of many suffering from chronic pain bearable. On the other hand, the inordinate use of the substance is extremely detrimental, and is the cause of many personal and social problems. It is patently clear that the drug itself is neutral, and whether it will bring help or harm depends on the hand that dispenses it.

Since it is impossible for scientists to fully understand the impact of their work, or determine how it will be utilized, we cannot in good conscience hold them responsible for its influence. Think of the chemist who created the first plastics for a second. While the invention has done great services to humankind, making our modern life of comfort and convenience possible, he most likely was not aware that the entire planet would one day be drowning in plastic waste, which has disastrous consequences for the whole ecosystem. Nevertheless, how can we ever ask him to take responsibility for something he himself had no control over?

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that it is wrong to say that scientists should assume responsibilities for the ill effects brought about by their discoveries. That is not to say other opinions are completely out of merit. However, I believe I have substantiated reasons to support my point of view.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:352字)

Throughout history, scientists have created countless inventions that have improved daily life and led to greater insights into the world. Sometimes, their discoveries create negative effects on the world or on people. Some groups argue that scientists should be held responsible for the negative effects of their discoveries, while others believe they should not be held liable. I disagree that scientists should be responsible for the negative effects of their discoveries for several reasons.

First, there are unexpected applications of a discovery that scientists could not have expected. For example, when scientists first discovered that the chemical element, uranium, could emit beta rays, they were excited at its potential to generate energy. It was only later that others decided to use uranium to make nuclear weapons. The scientists had benign intentions at the time of discovery, and it was other people who used the discovery for a malevolent purpose.

Second, scientists may be funded for the purpose of discovering something but are unaware of how it will be used. For example, scientists may be asked to create quantum computers that can process data much more quickly than existing technology. There are many benevolent uses for this technology; however, the funders may actually use it to spy on other people and compromise existing computer systems. They could purposely withhold this information from the scientist to ensure the technology is developed.

Finally, if scientists were held responsible for any negative effects of their discoveries, they would be hesitant to make new ones. When someone feels their actions carry risk, they will be more careful about what they do and how they do it. This means that scientists would stick to certain industries and fields that are known to have low risk, thus hindering innovation because they’re not exploring what is possible, just what is safe.

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that scientists should not be held liable for the negative effects of their discoveries. That is not to say other opinions are completely out of merit. However, I believe I have substantiated reasons to support my point of view.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Do you think machines will replace humans in the future? Please explain your opinion with details and examples.(2022年07月真題)

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I agree with the statement that machines will replace humans in the future, but there are a few exceptions. First, machines have already replaced humans in several fields, especially in manufacturing as they can perform tasks consistently without the need to rest. However, I believe not all tasks can be performed by machines. For example, a judge in a court needs to be a human for the reason that only humans have the ability to empathize and make well-rounded decisions while accounting for emotional factors and pre-existing situations. However, our technology has not been advanced enough yet for machines to do the same. Therefore, I only agree with the statement to some extent.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2022年07月真題)

閱讀題目 Letter

To whom it may concern, I believe that our school should provide an alumni mentor program for our students. As we are headed to the next stage of our lives, it is important to explore what we want to do in the future. Through the alumni mentor program, students can learn about career planning. Moreover, students can better prepare themselves for employment in the future. The establishment of the program will allow us to gather relevant information from our alumni and will be able to give us more insights about our prospective career paths. 

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Student A: So what do you think about the alumni mentor program that was suggested?
Student B: Um.. to be honest, I don’t think it is necessary.
Student A: Oh really? How so?
Student B: Well, first of all, the students are very busy, and they won’t have time to participate in the program.
Student A: That is true, but what about those that do have time?
Student B: It will be hard to establish the program in the first place though. Because the school’s efforts in recruiting these alumni to come or in encouraging students to participate will be very minimal based on past event. The program just isn’t practical.
Student A: That is true. The school has been lacking in effort.
Student B: Also, the program itself is not as helpful as it may seem. If students receive so many suggestions from peers, parents, teachers, and now even alumni, they will just be too confused. It will do more harm than good to the students and make students anxious.
Student A: I definitely see that happening. Having too many suggestions can certainly be too much to take in all at once.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The student expresses her opinion of the suggestion in the letter. State the student’s opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. (2022年07月真題)

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

The letter that the student wrote suggests that the university should set up an alumni mentor program that could provide students with career advice. However, the student in the listening disagrees with the suggestion for the following reasons. First, she explains that most students will be too busy to join the program. Even those who have the time will likely not participate in the program because the school does not do a good job at promoting these types of events. Therefore, the program will have difficulty recruiting alumni and getting enough students to participate in it. Second, she explains that receiving too many different suggestions may actually have a negative effect on the students. She states that students already receive advice from their friends and teachers. Adding alumni to the mix will make students too anxious. This is why she thinks the school shouldn’t approve the proposal.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

In nature, a lot of organisms have different relationships with each other. A relationship when one organism benefits by causing harm to another is called antagonistic relationships or antagonism.  Antagonistic relationships arise because organisms have conflicting interests. These relationships often happen in ways of parasitism or predation.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

Listen to a lecture by a Professor
Professor: So antagonism….it happens in several different ecosystems. Let’s look at the marine ecosystem today. So there are a lot of tiny fish in the ocean. Because of its small size, it can be very easily consumed by larger fish or other predators. So, this tiny fish may latch on to another organism called the sea snail. Since sea snails are poisonous, the tiny fish that attach themselves onto the sea snails will smell and taste harmful and be avoided by other organisms. Therefore, the fish have less risk of getting eaten. However, it is not so good for the sea snails. These small fish are like parasites on the back of their shells. Because the fish are attached to their shells, the snails will have a hard time moving around and hunting for food. In other words, the fish are getting protection at the expense of the snails’ ability to feed. 

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using points and examples from the lecture, please describe what is perceptual narrowing.(2022年07月真題)

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage discusses the concept of antagonism, which describes how one organism benefits from another by causing it harm. The professor in the listening provides an example of the relationship between a tiny fish and a sea snail. The tiny fish are at a high risk of getting preyed on because of their small body size. Put another way, other larger sea animals can easily gulp them down. To increase their chance of survival, the tiny fish often attach themselves to a poisonous snail fish that spreads a deadly smell and taste to the fish. The fish will then be at a lower risk of getting eaten. On the other hand, the sea snail is harmed by this relationship because its mobility is compromised with the fish attached to its shell. Restricted mobility results in the sea snail having a hard time getting food. This is how this example demonstrates the concept of antagonism.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Listen to a lecture in Biology class
The harsh and arid desert environment often forces animals to make adaptations to survive in the extreme climate. So, today, we will be looking at two ways how birds in the desert adapt to cool down in the hot climate. The first method is to change how their feathers lay. Birds in the desert have adapted ways to move their feathers in a certain way that the skin underneath is exposed to the air and wind. This movement helps carry away some of the birds’ body heat and cools them down in extreme heat. The second way is to deliver their blood to tissues and skins where there are no feathers. The birds use blood to absorb the heat and dissipate the heat to the surrounding environment. To be more specific, birds can dilate their blood vessels going to its bare scaly legs, and remove excess body heat from the body core. 

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Use the examples in the lecture to explain the adaptations of organisms using patterns to to survive in the extreme climate.(2022年07月真題)

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The professor in the listening discusses the two adaptations of how birds in the desert cool themselves down in extreme heat. First, these birds can change the position of their feathers to allow more skin to be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. As the air and wind flow pass the exposed skin area, the birds’ body heat dissipates. The second adaptation the birds made is using their blood to remove the heat from their body. Birds use their blood to absorb heat and distribute it to the body parts where there are no feathers and skins are exposed, such as their legs. Their blood vessels in the bare legs will dilate to get rid of their excess body heat, cooling themselves down in the process. These are the two adaptations of how birds adapted to the extreme climate of the desert.