托福真經月報-2022年05月報

01.托福寫作題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL WRITING QUESTIONS

📝托福寫作2種題型

• 第1題 (Writing Task 1) :整合寫作題型
• 第2題 (Writing Task 2) :獨立寫作題型

第1題 整合寫作題 Writing Task 1

本題考生將用約3分鐘閱讀一篇文章，再用約2分鐘聽一段教授講課音檔，閱讀題目後在20分鐘內完成寫作，統整聽力中教授講課內容如何回應閱讀中的論點。

建議練習方向為練習閱讀資訊改寫(換句話說)，練習聽力資訊詳實轉述，與練習使用高分模板寫作(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)。

閱讀 (3分鐘) ➤聽⼒ (約2分鐘) ➤閱讀寫作題⽬ ➤寫作 (20分鐘) 建議字數250-300字

第2題 獨立寫作題 Writing Task 2

本題考生將針對題目中問題，在30分鐘內完成寫作，提出自己的論點並以理由與例證說明論點。

建議練習方向為練習快速構思理由，練習論說文的說理式寫作邏輯(推薦克雷英文滿分寫作模板)，與練習舉具體事例扣題。

閱讀寫作題⽬➤寫作 (30分鐘)建議字數350-400字

02.托福整合寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 QUESTION

整合寫作真題題目(2022年04月真題)

閱讀題目 Reading Passage：
The diet of vampire squid has always been a big mystery to marine biologists. One popular theory is they feed on marine snow. However, this theory has its flaws. First, marine snow is a shower of organic material falling from upper waters to the deep ocean; therefore, there is a possibility that vampire squids will exert themselves too much and have a lack of oxygen while traveling to upper waters. Second, vampire squids can be in danger in order to look for marine snow. As previously stated, marine snows fall from upper waters to lower waters, but the process can take weeks. In order for vampire squids to acquire sufficient food sources, they often will risk themselves to travel to the upper waters. However, many squid vampire predators roam in the upper waters, hence creating a bigger risk for vampire squids to be in danger. Lastly, vampire squids belong to groups of cephalopods, which often feed on marine snow. However, they may have a very different diet from other cephalopods, so it is rather hastes to conclude that vampire squids have similar diets to other cephalopods.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture：
There are actually a lot of proofs that show the main diet of vampire squids are marine snows. First, different from many ocean predators that need a tremendous amount of energy to support muscle movements when chasing prey, vampire squids do not need much energy to feed on marine snow. That is because marine snows flow down naturally to where vampire squids live, which are in the deeper oceans. Therefore, vampire squids require less oxygen to survive in the deep ocean as their meals are served to them naturally. Besides, vampire squids have several adapted features to protect them from predators. It is harder for predators to spot these dark-colored squids in deep waters where light sources are limited. Not to mention that these squids can flash a natural glowing light from their body surfaces to scare off predators when spotted. Lastly, the special diet of cephalopods brings them a distinct advantage to compete for food with other creatures. They live in an area in the sea in which most animals cannot survive. Sharing similar characteristics and living in the same environment with other cephalopods, it is very likely vampire squids’ main diet is also marine snows.

02.托福整合寫作範文 1 TOEFL WRITING TASK 1 SAMPLE ANSWER 1

問題：

Summarize the points made in the lecture, and make sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.(2022年05月真題)

👩‍🦱整合寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:343字)

The reading passage explores the issue of whether the diet of vampire squid is marine snow, and the writer points out several flaws in this theory. Although the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage suggests that as marine snow originates from the shallower part of the ocean, vampire squids might suffer from overexertion and inadequate oxygen in the process of reaching this source of nutrients. However, the lecturer argues that unlike pursuing other prey, relying on marine snow for food does not require much energy output as marine snow naturally descends to vampire squids’ habitat. He believes that this type of food source allows vampire squids to live on even less oxygen. Therefore, the lecturer’s argument disapproves of its counterpart in the reading.

Second, the statement held by the writer claims that the search for marine snow brings vampire squids out of the deep ocean where they may run into their predators and be in harm’s way. Conversely, the speaker refutes the idea by providing a solid reason that vampire squids are equipped with special features to shield them from their foes. The natural dark color of these creatures makes them less visible in the darkness of their habitat. Vampire squids can also strategically use the light from their body to repel their enemies when they are seen.

Last but not least, the reading points out that just because vampire squids are cephalopods, it does not necessarily follow that they would have the same diet, which is marine snow. The lecturer refutes this idea by explaining that physical and environmental similarities between vampire squids and other species in the same group mean that the possibility of them also relying on the same kind of food is pretty high.

In conclusion, based on the evidence provided above, it can be clearly seen that the lecturer disagrees with the writing passage and acutely identifies its weaknesses. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them by solid reasons.

👱‍♀️整合寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文(字數:243字)

The reading passage explores a comparison of two types of lightbulbs: incandescent bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The author claims that CFLs are more expensive and hazardous for humans than incandescent bulbs. Although the argument seems convincing and substantiated, the lecturer casts doubts on it for the following reasons.

First, the reading passage states that CFLs are less safe than incandescent bulbs because they contain mercury. The lecturer, however, indicates that both types of bulbs contain mercury and that CFLs actually emit half the mercury of incandescent bulbs, so they are in fact safer for humans.

Second, the passage claims that CFLs are more expensive than traditional bulbs because they use more energy. The lecturer casts doubt on this by stating that CFLs use more energy but they last about 10 times longer than an incandescent bulb, so they save money over time. Instead of purchasing 10 incandescent bulbs, you can purchase a single CFL.

Finally, the reading passage claims that CFLs emit a bright light that hurts human eyes, making it unsuitable for use in classrooms and other settings that require constant lighting. The lecturer indicates that newer CFLs offer a wide range of brightness and colors that solve this concern. Based on the reasoning shown above, it is clear that there is a discrepancy between the accounts of the reading and the listening passages. Although the contents in the reading passage seem plausible, the speaker disproves them through solid reasoning.

03.托福獨立寫作真題 TOEFL WRITING TASK 2 QUESTION

獨立寫作真題 題目(2022年05月真題)

問題：

Some people believe that we should always follow our dreams, even if the dreams seem too ambitious. Others think that we should focus on achieving realistic goals. Which view do you agree with and why? Please provide a detailed explanation and examples.(2022年05月真題)

👩‍🦱獨立寫作台灣老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:424字)

When it comes to whether one should pursue one’s dreams or only go after goals within one’s reach, answers can vary considerably from individual to individual. Some argue that we must not let our ambition carry us away, while others believe that dreams are what life is all about. While both sides seem convincing and plausible, my personal experiences have led me to conclude that it is better to go where our dreams lead us.

First of all, dreaming about achieving the impossible is the force that drives human civilization. The greatest feats in the past were conceived and carried out by dreamers. These idealists often went against conventional wisdom, and made a way for themselves that no one could have foreseen. Christopher Columbus is probably one of the most famous examples. He wanted to find a way to sail to the east, and decided to make his way across the Pacific. Many of his contemporaries regarded his venture as lunacy, even his own sailors were tempted to mutiny. However, against everyone’s expectations, he got to the New World, and the direction of history was changed forever.

Second, when we follow our dreams, we will have no regrets. If we only choose to pursue realistic goals, a part of us might always wonder how things might turn out had we made a different choice. Take myself as an example. When I was in college, I spent a lot of time in the school chorus, as singing was a great interest of mine. One year at the Christmas concert, the conductor asked me if I would like to audition for a solo part in the show. I thought taking on the project was probably too ambitious for me, but I gave it a try. To my surprise, I actually secured the part. Unfortunately, I didn’t do as well as I had hoped on stage. It turned out that the scale of the performance was more than I could handle.

Nevertheless, I was glad for the experience, because to have gone all out and learned that it was too much for me was better than sitting on my hands and never knowing if I had it in me or not.

In conclusion, given the reasons mentioned above, I strongly believe that people should not limit themselves to targets within their reach, but rather go after their dreams with everything they’ve got. That is not to say other opinions are completely out of merit. However, I believe I have substantiated reasons to support my point of view.

👱‍♀️獨立寫作美國老師滿分示範範文- 全文 (字數:342字)

As teachers explore ways to better support students’ educational and social development, they may consider several options, including: (1) encouraging more questions during class; (2) having students work together more in pairs and groups more frequently; and (3) meeting with each student’s parents more frequently. While all options are valid strategies depending on the situation, the most important change teachers can make is to have students work in pairs and groups more frequently if they would like to improve their social development.

Many school environments overlook some of the most important soft skills that are required for success in today’s world. These skills include effective communication, critical thinking, and collaboration. When students work with other students in groups on shared assignments, they develop these skills through the course of their school day. In a group assignment, students have shared responsibility for the assignment’s success and are challenged to collaborate to make it a success. They must communicate to develop a project plan and ensure everyone knows which parts of the work they are responsible for completing. In doing so, each group member learns how to be accountable both for their own work and for the group’s work.

Additionally, in a group environment, students learn important social-emotional skills such as maintaining positive relationships and handling conflict. When students work individually, their decisions often do not affect other students. In a group, however, they will need to consider how their actions affect their fellow group members. For example, if a student decides not to do their work, then their group members will have to complete extra work to compensate for that student.

Inevitably, there will be disagreements and conflict in a group project. Students will learn how to effectively manage these conversations in a way that increases group productivity and morale. In conclusion, creating more group work is the most impactful way that teachers can improve students’ educational and social development. Through the course of their school work, students will develop the real-world skills necessary to thrive academically, in their careers, and in life.

04.托福口說題型速覽 INTRODUCTION TO TOEFL SPEAKING QUESTIONS

👄托福口說部分總共有4題：

• 第1題➤獨立題型 ➤個人意見題
• 第2題➤整合題型 ➤校園情境題
• 第3題➤整合題型 ➤觀念例子題
• 第4題➤整合題型 ➤學術講課題

第1題 Speaking Task 1

題目中會提供兩個立場論述，請你擇一立場附理由解釋你的觀點，或是提供單一論點，請你附理由解釋自己同意或不同意。

看到題目➤準備 (15秒)➤口說回答 (45秒)

第2題 Speaking Task 2

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章(學生陳情信、校園公告等)，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為2位學生的對話。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第3題 Speaking Task 3

題目中將提供一篇閱讀篇章，內容主要為學術文章，後播放一段聽力音檔，內容主要為教授講課片對。閱讀以及聽完之後，考生須統整閱讀與聽力資訊作口說摘要。

閱讀 (45-50秒)➤聽力 (約1-1.5分)➤準備 (30秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

第4題 Speaking Task 4

題目將播放一篇聽力音檔，內容主要為學術講課，聽完後考生須作口說摘要。

聽力 (約1-2分)➤準備 (20秒)➤口說回答 (60秒)

05.托福口說第1題真題與示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 1 QUESTION, SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Is the first impression of a person always accurate and reliable? Why or why not? (2022年05月真題)

🎙口說第1題 示範答案音檔

口說第1題 示範答案 逐字稿

I believe that first impressions are not always accurate or 100% trustworthy based on the following reasons. I think that a person’s appearance can be deceiving, which is how we often judge someone when we first meet them. Some may dress really nicely but actually be an awfully mean person at heart. On the other hand, someone who seems to be cold or serious could have a very fun personality. For example, my friend is a very quiet person and enjoys reading books, which is not always easy to approach. However, after talking to her, I realized she had a very nice personality. Therefore, I believe that a person’s true character will only show after you have conversations with that person and not solely based on our first impression of them.

06.托福口說第2題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 QUESTION

口說第2題 真題(2022年05月真題)

閱讀題目 Announcement

Upon several discussions, the university has decided to get rid of the policy that professors can take a leave of absence during the semester to do research. Taking our students’ best interest into consideration, we believe that it will be better and more efficient if professors’ time is dedicated to teaching. This will further facilitate frequent communication between students and professors, as well as keeping teaching as the priority for professors. Besides, professors can spend time during summer breaks to work on their research. There is more than enough time for professors to work on their research papers as they have a couple months off every year. Therefore, the policy for professors to take a leave of absence to do research is not necessary hence the removal of it. We apologize for any future inconveniences.

聽力題目逐字稿 Conversation

Listen to an interview with a professor about her thoughts on the policy change.
Interviewer: What do you think about the changes to the policy, professor Crosby?
Professor: I think it is not well thought out and doesn’t take into account what is really happening. To be honest, the time we spend on doing research actually benefits students in many ways! See, when we have the time to focus on academic advancement, we often bring what we find back into the classroom and share the latest findings with students. It helps the students get the latest updates in their fields, and, I mean, what can be a better kind of learning material than the latest research, right?
Interviewer: That’s true. I’m sure students would appreciate that. At least I would.
Professor: And when we do write a book on a subject related to what we teach, the book can be used as one of the textbooks in the classes. Students would have our thoughts and research in a written form instead of having to take so many notes in the class.
Interviewer: True true. What about doing research during summer breaks? Wouldn’t that be enough time to complete the research?
Professor: Oh no. From talking to other professors and my own experience, summer breaks are actually our busiest time of the year. We have other responsibilities, such as teaching additional summer classes and taking students on study-abroad trips.
Interviewer: Ah, that makes sense.
Professor: Sometimes research takes months of dedicated time to complete. So with all the distractions, it is quite unrealistic to make new progress on our research during summer breaks.

06.托福口說第2題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 2 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

The professor expresses her opinion of the university announcement. State the professor’s opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. (2022年05月真題)

🎙口說第2題 示範答案音檔

口說第2題 示範答案逐字稿

The campus announcement mentions the university is canceling the policy that allows professors to take time off to do their research, as it will be in students’ best interest if professors focus on teaching and do their research during summer breaks. However, the professor in the listening disagrees with the policy change for the following reasons. First, she states that professors taking time off to do research actually helps them with creating teaching materials and providing students with updated findings. In the case where a professor publishes a book about his research findings, it can be used as a perfect learning material for the students. On top of that, the professor points out that they often have other responsibilities during summer breaks. They usually teach summer classes or go on study-abroad trips with their students. Without being able to take a few months off during the semester to focus on their research, it is hard for professors to find an uninterrupted period to make meaningful progress on their research.

07.托福口說第3題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 QUESTION

閱讀題目 Textbook

Humans are often biased when making assumptions and forming conclusions, especially towards the influence of our actions. Sometimes we may think our actions have some extent of influence over a result, when, in fact, it is due to complete randomness. In psychological terms, it is called the Outcome Bias. This bias is particularly prominent when the result is positive or rewarded. This illusion is often misguided and wrong, but it allows us to interpret how human brains work in different situations.

聽力題目逐字稿 Lecture

Listen to a lecture by a Professor
Professor: Ok… Here is an example. In a study of this tendency, researchers put participants into two groups where they all had a switch in front of them to flip. Meanwhile, there were lights in all the participants’ faces turning on and off. The first group wasn’t rewarded in any way. The other group of participants, however, were rewarded with a small amount of money, like about a dollar, when they flip the switch and the light in front of them turns on at the same time. When the first group of participants were asked if flipping the switch was related to the lights being on or off, half of them thought it was not related, and the other half believed it was them who were controlling the lights. When the second group of participants were interviewed, about 90% of them thought it was them flipping the switches that made the lights turn on

07.托福口說第3題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 3 SAMPLE ANSWER

問題：

Using points and examples from the lecture, please describe what is outcome bias.(2022年05月真題)

🎙口說第3題 示範答案音檔

口說第3題 示範答案逐字稿

The reading passage explains the concept of outcome bias, which is when we think our actions have an influence over the results, but it is actually random. This is especially prevalent when the results are positive or rewarded ones. The lecturer provides a perfect example from an experiment. In a research of two volunteer groups, there were switches in front of all participants that can be flipped on and off. Meanwhile, there were lights in the participants’ faces that were turning on and off. The first group of volunteers weren’t rewarded in any ways, but the second group of people were incentivized with a dollar when the lights turned on as they flipped the switch. When the first group was asked if their actions and the light turning on were correlated, half of them believed they were and the other half believed they were irrelevant. However, when interviewing the second group, most participants believed they were the ones who were controlling the lights being turned on or off.

08.托福口說第4題真題 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 QUESTION

聽力題目逐字稿 Listening

Insects often have to travel in hot weather. Therefore, they have developed different ways to cope with the heat in their bodies. There are two adaptations to how insects prevent themselves from being overheated. First, some insects evolve to have special body structures that help them get rid of their body heat easily. They develop bigger and wider surface areas that serve as the “air conditioner” of their bodies. When warm blood flows to the area, it cools down and circulates back to the rest of the body. An example of this is a kind of bee that has a big, wide surface on the top of its head that allows them to search for food under the sun without getting overheated. The second adaptation is utilizing the process of evaporation. Overheating can come from insects flapping their wings. Take the same bee species as an example. They will leave a drop of nectar on their tongue and let it evaporate as an act of heat dissipation. When the nectar evaporates, it lowers the temperature of the bee’s tongue, hence cools down the bee’s body.

08.托福口說第4題示範答案 TOEFL SPEAKING TASK 4 SAMPLE ANSWER

🎙口說第4題 示範答案音檔

口說第4題 示範答案逐字稿

The lecturer discusses two adaptations of how insects prevent themselves from being overheated. He uses a bee species as an example. First, he states that some insects have unique body structures that allow bigger and wider surface area. This area acts as the “air conditioner” of their bodies. It allows warm blood to be cooled down when flowing past this area, circulating back to the body at an optimal temperature. An example the professor gave was a type of bee that has a big wide surface area on the top of its head. This area prevents them from getting overheated while being active under the bright sun. The second adaptation is using the process of evaporation to get rid of the body heat. Using the same bee species as an example, they are prone to being overheated from flapping their wings for too long. When it happens, they will put a drop of nectar on their tongues and let it evaporate, taking away their body heat in the process. Once it evaporates, it actually cools down their body temperature.